Plants+&amp;+herbal+medicine2

=Herbal Medcine And Medical Practices of Elizabethan England=
 * -Johnny Kuhn and Max Mescall**


 * -Herbal Medicine**

1. //What is it?// - the use of a plant or a plant extract as a substitue for medicine 2. //History of Herbal Medicine// - the use of herbal medicine has been recorded in early Chinese, Hindu, and Mediterranean civilizations. 3. //Use of Herbs According to the Designated Area of the Body// - Sweet-smelling herbs such as rose and lavender were used for head problems - Saffron and basil were used for heart problems. - Wormwood and Mint were used for stomach aches - Liquorice and comfrey were used for lung problems 4. //Examples Ancient of Herbal Medicine// - The Egyptians used senna pods and castor oil to treat constipation - Ancient Chinese doctors used ma huang for many different purposes - The Egyptians also used peppermint and caraway to treat indigestion 5. //Modern Day Examples of Herbal Medicine// -The use of coffee to wake you up -The use of Aloe Vera to mositurize your skin 6. //Intresting Facts// -About 25% of perscription medicines are somewhat based off of old herbal medicines -The World Heath Organization (WHO) estimates that 80% uses some form of herbal medicine. -Liquorice and comfrey are still used in bronchitis medicine today.


 * Well-Known Physicans of Elizabethan England**

1. [|//William Harvey//] -A personal physician to two Kings of England and was the first to describe the circulation of blood. 2. [|//Thomas Linacre//] -Founded the College of Physicians and was a personal physician to King Henry VII and King Henry VIII


 * Hierarchy of Elizabethan Doctors**

1. //Physicians// - Had an education from an University or College. -Their service was very expensive and only the very wealthy could afford it. - Perscribed medicine and diagnosed diseases, but never saw blood. 2. //Suregons// - They were less educated then Physicians, but not that less skillful - Suregons usually stiched up wounds and did amputations. 3. //Barbers// - They also belonged the Company of Barbaer Suregons, however they were only allowed to pull teeth and cut people to release blood. 4. //Apothocary// - Gave most people of the time their medicine. Apothocaries belonged to the Grocer's Guild. 5. //The Church// - Provided some comfort to the poor. 6. //"Wise Woman"// - Each area had a local "wise women", who was usually the first person coontacted by the poor. 7. //Housewives// - Used many different herbs and homemade medicines to treat illnessess


 * Common Qualities of Elizabethan Physicians**

1. //Possessed a good education// -They had degress from Oxford, Cambridge, or The College of Physicians -It usually took about seven years to just to achieve a mAster of Arts Degree 2. //Usually from the upper-class// -Most of the physicians had grown up in the upper-class.


 * Beliefs of Elizabethan Doctors**

1. //Elizabethan medicine was very simple, doctors based their practices off of three main beliefs// - Elizabethan doctors would use the teachings of Arostatle and Hippocrates - Humours were the strongest beliefs between Elizabethan doctors. The four humors were blood, phlegm, yellow bile, and black bile. It was believed the differnet levels of humours inthe body determined the person's personality. -It was also believed that the four elements would also determine a persons health. The four elements were air, water, earth, and fire. - Astrology was also used by some doctors, few doctors believed that if the planets were out of order someone would get sick according to their sign.


 * Common Elizabethan Medicine**

1. //Head pains// -They were commonly treated with sweet smelling herbs 2. //Stomach Pains// -They were commonly treated with wormwood, mint, and balm 3. //Wounds// -They were commonly treated with vinegar to kill the disease 4. //The Black Death// -It was commonly treated by applying warm butter, onions, or garlic to the armpit or groin region.

[|**Outfit of an Elizabethan Doctor**]

1. //Contact// - Elizabethan doctors would wear so much clothing, that it was even hard for a flea to touch them. They wore long robes, leather gloves, leather boots, and an unique mask. All this clothing would give the doctor a better chance of not catching the disease from the patient. 2. //Breathing// - The unique masks the doctors wore would reduce the risk of the doctor cathing the disease due to breathing the same air as the patient.

-Resources

Alchin, Linda. Elizabethan Era. 30 Sep. 2007 

Dudley, Charles. Queen Elizabeth 1. 30 Sep. 2007 <[|http://www.elizabethone.20m.com]>

“Pharmaceutical Industry” Britannica Online. West Morris Mendham H.S. Lib., Mendham, NJ. 30 Sep. 2007 <[|http://search.eb.com.]>

Mears, Natalie. “The Struggle for the Succession in Late Elizabethan England: Politics, Polemics, and Cultural Representatives.” History Jan. 2007: Fl. EBSCO MasterFile Premier. EBSCO. West Morris Mendham H.S. Lib., Mendham, NJ., 30 Sep. 2007 <[|http://www.elib.com]>

“William Harvey” Britannica Online. West Morris Mendham H.S. Lib., Mendham, NJ. 30 Sep. 2007. <[|http://search.eb.com.]>

“Thomas Linacre” Britannica Online. West Morris Mendham H.S. Lib., Mendham, NJ. 30 Sep. 2007. <[|http://search.eb.com.]>

Olsen, Kirstin. __All Things Shakespeare: An Encyclopedia of Shakespeare's World.__ Volume 2. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press, 2002.

Singman, Jeffery. __Daily Life in Elizabethan England.__ Westport, Connecticut. Greenwood Press, 1995